英语翻译我要的是文献，就是在外文数据库中找的那种文章（10页以上）。好的话再追加50分！可以发我的邮箱里：cb1987dyjh@sina.com

英语翻译我要的是文献，就是在外文数据库中找的那种文章（10页以上）。好的话再追加50分！可以发我的邮箱里：cb1987dyjh@sina.com
英语翻译
我要的是文献，就是在外文数据库中找的那种文章（10页以上）。好的话再追加50分！可以发我的邮箱里：cb1987dyjh@sina.com

英语翻译我要的是文献，就是在外文数据库中找的那种文章（10页以上）。好的话再追加50分！可以发我的邮箱里：cb1987dyjh@sina.com
可以去万方或CNKI找,我帮你做了一篇,在你邮箱里,记得给分我啊

遗传（heredity）
生物的上一代将自己的一整套遗传因子传递给下一代的行为或功能，它具有及其稳定的特性。
遗传型（genotype）
又称基因型，指某一生物个体所含有的全部遗传因子即基因的总和。
表型（phenotype）
某一生物体所具有的一切外表特征及内在特性的总和，是遗传型在合适环境下的具体体现。
变异（variation） <...

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遗传（heredity）
生物的上一代将自己的一整套遗传因子传递给下一代的行为或功能，它具有及其稳定的特性。
遗传型（genotype）
又称基因型，指某一生物个体所含有的全部遗传因子即基因的总和。
表型（phenotype）
某一生物体所具有的一切外表特征及内在特性的总和，是遗传型在合适环境下的具体体现。
变异（variation）
生物体在某种外因或内因的作用下所引起的遗传物质的结构或数量的改变，亦即遗传型的改变。
饰变（modification）
不涉及遗传物质结构改变而只发生在转录、转译水平上的表型变化。
基因突变（gene mutation）
简称突变，指生物体内遗传物质的分子结构突然发生的可遗传的变化。突变几率一般为10-6~10-9。
突变率（mutation rate）
每一细胞在每一世代中发生某一性状突变的几率。突变一般是独立发生的，双重突变的几率是各个突变几率的乘积。
营养缺陷型（auxotroph）
某一野生型菌株由于发生基因突变而丧失合成一种或几种生长因子的能力，因而无法在基本培养基上正常生长繁殖的变异类型。
抗性突变型（resistant mutant）
由于基因突变而使原始菌株发生了对某种化学药物或致死因子抗性的变异类型。
条件致死突变型（conditional lethal mutant）
某菌株或病毒经基因突变后，在某种条件下可正常生长、繁殖并实现其表型，而在另一种条件下却无法生长、繁殖的突变类型。
形态突变型（morphological mutant）
由于突变而产生的个体或菌落形态所发生的非选择型变异。
抗原突变型（antigenic mutant）
由于基因突变而引起的抗原结构发生突变的变异类型。
产量突变型（producing mutant）
通过基因突变而活得的在有用代谢产物产量上高于原始菌株的突变株。
基本培养基（MM, minimal medium）
仅能满足某微生物的野生型菌株生长需要的最低成分组合培养基。
完全培养基（CM, complete medium）
凡可满足一切营养缺陷型进驻营养需要的天然或半组合培养基。
补充培养基（SM, supplemental medium）
凡只能满足相应的营养缺陷型生长需要的组合培养基。
野生型（wild type）
从自然界分离到的任何微生物在其发生营养缺陷突变前的原始菌株。
原养型（prototroph）
一般指营养缺陷型菌株经回变或重组后产生的菌株，其营养要求在表型上野生型相同。
基因重组（gene recombination）
凡把两个不同性状个体内的遗传基因转移到一起，经过遗传分子间的重新组合，形成新遗传型个体的方式。
转化（transformation）
直接吸收了来自供体菌的DNA片段，通过交换，把它整合到自己的基因组中，再经复制就使自己变成了一个转化子。这种受体菌接受供体菌的DNA片段而获得部分新的遗传性状的现象称为转化。
转导（transduction）
通过完全缺陷或部分缺陷噬菌体的媒介，把供体细胞的DNA小片段携带导受体细胞中，通过交换与整合，从而使后者获得前者部分遗传性状的现象。
普遍转导（generalized transduction）
通过完全缺陷噬菌体对供体菌任何DNA小片段的“误包”，而实现其遗传性状传递至受体菌的转导现象。
局限转导（restricted transduction）
通过部分缺陷的温和噬菌体把供体菌的少数特定基因携带到受体菌中，并获得表达的转导现象。
溶源转变（lysogenic conversion）
当温和噬菌体感染其宿主而使其发生溶源化时，因噬菌体的基因整合到宿主的核基因组上，而使后者获得了除免疫性以外的新性状的现象。
接合（conjugation）
供体菌（“雄”）通过其性菌毛与受体菌（“雌”）相接触，前者传递不同长度的单链DNA给后者，并在后者细胞中进行双链化或进一步与核染色体发生交换、整合，从而使后者获得供体菌的遗传性状的现象。
原生质体融合（protoplast fusion）
通过认为的方法，使遗传性状不同的两细胞的原生质体发生融合，并进而发生遗传重组以产生同时带有双亲性状的、遗传性稳定的融合子的过程。
基因工程（genetic engineering）
在基因水平上的遗传工程，用人为的方法将所需要的某一供体生物的遗传物质——DNA大分子提取出来，在离体的条件下用适当的工具酶进行切割后，把它与作为载体的DNA分子连接，然后与载体一起导入某一更易生长、繁殖的受体细胞中，以让外源遗传物质在其中“安家落户”，进行正常的复制和表达，从而获得新物种的一种崭新的育种技术。
有性杂交（sexual hybridization）
不同遗传型的两性细胞间发生的接合和随之进行的染色体重组，进而产生新遗传型后代的一种育种技术。
准性杂交（parasexual hybridization）
同种生物两个不同菌株的体细胞发生融合，且不以减数分裂的方式而导致低频率的基因重组并产生重组子。
复壮（rejuvenation）
狭义的复壮仅是一种消极的措施，它指的是在菌种已发生衰退的情况下，通过纯种分离和测定生产性能等方法，从衰退的群体中找出少数尚未衰退的个体，以达到恢复该菌原有典型性状的一种措施；而广义的复壮则应是一种积极的措施，即在菌种的生产性能尚未衰退前就经常有意识地进行纯种分离和生产性能地测定工作，以期菌种地生产性能逐步有所提高。
翻译：
Genetic (heredity)
The older generation of a set of their genetic factor transmitted to the next generation of acts or functions, it has the characteristics and stability.
Genetic type (genotype)
Also known as genotype, which refers to a biological entity containing all the genetic factor is the sum of genes.
Phenotype (phenotype)
An all organisms have an inherent characteristic appearance characteristics and the sum of genetic type is suitable environment in a concrete manifestation.
Variation (variation)
Organisms some external factors or internal factors in the effects of genetic material caused by the change in the number or structure, that is the type of genetic change.
Decorated change (modification)
Genetic material does not involve structural changes and only occurred in transcription, translation level phenotypic changes.
Gene mutation (gene mutation)
Short mutation, genetic material that the body of the molecular structure can suddenly genetic changes. Mutation probability generally 10-6 to 10-9.
Mutation rate (mutation rate)
Each cell in each generation of mutation in a particular traits risk. Mutations in general is an independent, the probability of double mutation probability is the product of various mutations.
Nutrition deficient (auxotroph)
A wild type strain due to gene mutation and loss of one or more of the growth factor's ability and is therefore unable to basic medium in the growth and reproduction of the normal variation types.
Resistance mutations (resistant mutant)
The gene mutation而使original strain occurred on the death of a chemical or drug-resistant variants.
Conditions lethal mutant (conditional lethal mutant)
The virus strain or a gene mutation, under certain conditions can be normal growth, reproduction and realize their phenotype, and in another condition is not growth, reproduction mutation type.
Morphology mutant (morphological mutant)
Because mutations arising from the individual or colony morphology of the non-selective variation.
Antigen mutant (antigenic mutant)
The gene mutation caused mutations in the structure of antigen mutation type.
Yield mutant (producing mutant)
Through gene mutation and the useful life of the metabolites yield higher than the original mutant strain.
Medium (MM, minimal medium)
The microbes can only meet a growing need for wild-type strain the minimum Composition medium.
Full medium (CM, complete medium)
Where can meet all nutritional deficiencies stationed nutritional needs of the combination of natural or semi-medium.
Add medium (SM, supplemental medium)
Where can only meet the nutritional deficiencies of the corresponding need for a combination of growth medium.
Wild-type (wild type)
Isolated from the nature of any microbes in their nutritional deficiencies occurred before the mutation of the original strain.
Dependents of the original (prototroph)
Nutritional deficiencies generally refers to the change of strain or strains arising after the reorganization, their nutritional requirements in the wild-type phenotype on the same.
Gene recombinant (gene recombination)
Where the two different genetic traits of the individual transfer together, after the re-molecular genetic composition of a new type of individual genetic approach.
Conversion (transformation)
Absorbed directly from the donor of the DNA fragments through the exchange, put it into our own genome and then on the copy itself into a transformants. This receptor acceptance of the donor of the DNA fragment was part of a new phenomenon called genetic traits into.
Transduction (transduction)
Through all defects or deficiencies phage part of the media, the donor cells with small fragments of DNA I. receptor cells, through the exchange and integration, so that the latter was the former part of the phenomenon of genetic traits.
Universal transduction (generalized transduction)
Through entirely on donor defects phage DNA of any small fragment of the "misuse of packets" and achieve its receptor to transmit genetic traits of the transduction phenomenon.
Limitations transduction (restricted transduction)
Some defects through the modest donor phage to the bacteria to a small number of specific receptor gene carrying bacteria, and the transduction to express their phenomenon.
Solubilization of changing (lysogenic conversion)
When moderate phage infection and its host to a source of solution, because the phage gene into the host genome, nuclear due to the latter access to the outside in addition to the new characters autoimmune phenomena.
Bonding (conjugation)
Donor bacteria ( "male"), through its pilus bacteria with receptors ( "ER") contact, the former transmission of different length single strand of DNA to the latter, and in the latter cells for double-stranded or further nuclear chromosome in exchange, integration, so that the latter was the donor of the genetic traits phenomenon.
Protoplast fusion (protoplast fusion)
Through that method, the genetic traits of two different cell protoplast fusion occurred, and thus to generate recombinant genetic occurred at the same time with both parents traits, genetic stability of the integration process.
Genetic engineering (genetic engineering)
In genetic engineering on the gene level, the use of the method will need a donor of the genetic material - DNA extracted macromolecules, in vitro conditions with the appropriate tools for cutting enzyme, and it as vector DNA molecular connectivity, and then together with the vector into a more growth and reproduction of receptor cells, in order to allow foreign genetic material in which the "settled for" normal replication and expression, which was a new species new species of breeding techniques.
Sexual hybridization (sexual hybridization)
Gender different genetic type of bonding occurring chromosome and the subsequent reorganization, thereby generating new generations of a genetic breeding techniques.
Quasi-sexual hybridization (parasexual hybridization)
With two different types of biological strains of somatic cell fusion occurred, it was not the way to meiosis result of the low frequency gene recombination and produce recombinant.
Rejuvenation (rejuvenation)
Rejuvenation only narrowly measures is a negative, it means the bacteria has been a decline in the circumstances, separation and through pure performance of the methods of production, from the recession of a few groups have yet to identify the individual recession to achieve typical bacteria restore the original character of the measures, and should be broad Rejuvenation is a positive measure, that is, the production performance in the bacteria before the recession has not been a conscious manner often isolated and purebred production performance of the work, with a view strain and production performance gradually increased.

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